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Here is a trick that you can use to define the uri in a property file using Spring injection and Camel endpoint : http://cmoulliard.blogspot.com/2009/05/trick-to-pass-uri-declared-in-property.html.
From Camel 2.3 onwards there is a Properties component build in Camel core which allows you to use properties in the same way as Spring property placeholders, and even more.