HiveServer2

HiveServer2 (HS2) is a server interface that enables remote clients to execute queries against Hive and retrieve the results. The current implementation, based on Thrift RPC, is an improved version of HiveServer and supports multi-client concurrency and authentication. It is designed to provide better support for open API clients like JDBC and ODBC.

• The Thrift interface definition language (IDL) for HiveServer2 is available at https://github.com/apache/hive/blob/trunk/service/if/TCLIService.thrift.
• Thrift documentation is available at http://thrift.apache.org/docs/.

This document describes how to set up the server. How to use a client with this server is described in the HiveServer2 Clients document.

How to Configure

Configuration Properties in the hive-site.xml File

See HiveServer2 in the Configuration Properties document for additional properties that can be set for HiveServer2.

Optional Environment Settings

Running in HTTP mode

Starting in Hive 0.13, HiveServer2 provides support for sending Thrift RPC messages over HTTP transport (HIVE-4752). This is particularly useful to support a proxying intermediary between the client and the server (for example, for load balancing or security reasons). Currently, you can run HiveServer2 in either TCP mode or the HTTP mode, but not in both. For the corresponding JDBC URL, check this link: HiveServer2 Clients -- JDBC Connection URLs. Use the following settings to enable HTTP mode:

Optional Environment Settings

Optional Global Init File

Staring in Hive 0.14 with HIVE-5160, HIVE-7497, and HIVE-8138, a global init file can be placed in the configured hive.server2.global.init.file.location location.  This can be either the path to the init file itself, or a directory where an init file named ".hiverc" is expected.

The init file lists a set of commands that will run for users of this HiveServer2 instance, such as register a standard set of jars and functions.

Logging Configuration

Starting in Hive 0.14, HiveServer2 operation logs are available for Beeline clients. These parameters configure logging:

• hive.server2.logging.operation.enabled
• hive.server2.logging.operation.log.location
• hive.server2.logging.operation.verbose (Hive 0.14 to 1.1)
• hive.server2.logging.operation.level (Hive 1.2 onward)

How to Start

$HIVE_HOME/bin/hiveserver2

OR

$HIVE_HOME/bin/hive --service hiveserver2

Usage Message

The -H or --help option displays a usage message, for example:

$HIVE_HOME/bin/hive --service hiveserver2 -H
Starting HiveServer2
usage: hiveserver2
 -H,--help                        Print help information
    --hiveconf <property=value>   Use value for given property

Authentication/Security Configuration

HiveServer2 supports Anonymous (no authentication) with and without SASL, Kerberos (GSSAPI), pass through LDAP, Pluggable Custom Authentication and Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM, supported Hive 0.13 onwards).

Configuration

Impersonation

By default HiveServer2 performs the query processing as the user who submitted the query. But if the following parameter is set to false, the query will run as the user that the hiveserver2 process runs as.

To prevent memory leaks in unsecure mode, disable file system caches by setting the following parameters to true (See HIVE-4501):

Integrity/Confidentiality Protection

Changes in HIVE-4911, which is available in Hive 0.12, enable integrity protection and confidentiality protection (beyond just the default of authentication) for communication between the Hive JDBC driver and HiveServer2. You can use the SASL QOP property to configure this.

• This is only when Kerberos is used for the HS2 client (JDBC/ODBC application) authentication with HiveServer2.
• hive.server2.thrift.sasl.qop in hive-site.xml has to be set to one of the valid QOP values ('auth', 'auth-int' or 'auth-conf').

SSL Encryption

Changes in HIVE-5351, which will be available in Hive 0.13, provides support for SSL encryption. To enable, set the following configurations in hive-site.xml:

Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM)

HIVE-6466, which will be available in Hive 0.13, provides support for PAM. To configure PAM:

• Download the JPAM native library for the relevant architecture.
• Unzip and copy libjpam.so to a directory (<libjmap-directory>) on the system. 
• Add the directory to the LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable like so: export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:<libjmap-directory> 

Finally, set the following configurations in hive-site.xml:

Python Client Driver

A Python client driver for HiveServer2 is available at https://github.com/BradRuderman/pyhs2 (thanks, Brad). It includes all the required packages such as SASL and Thrift wrappers.

The driver has been certified for use with Python 2.6 and newer.

To use the pyhs2 driver:

pip install pyhs2

and then:

import pyhs2

with pyhs2.connect(host='localhost',
                   port=10000,
                   authMechanism="PLAIN",
                   user='root',
                   password='test',
                   database='default') as conn:
    with conn.cursor() as cur:
    	#Show databases
    	print cur.getDatabases()

    	#Execute query
        cur.execute("select * from table")
 
        #Return column info from query
        print cur.getSchema()

        #Fetch table results
        for i in cur.fetch():
            print i

You can discuss this driver on the user@hive.apache.org mailing list.

Ruby Client Driver

A Ruby client driver is available on github at https://github.com/forward3d/rbhive.