What's the Camel Transport for CXF
You can use the camel-cxf component to communicate the CXF endpoints in Camel Context, in this way we just treat CXF as a service framework library in Camel. But if you want to leverage the Camel routing and mediation engine in CXF , the best way is to treat Camel as an EIP library and put it into CXF transport layer. The Camel transport for CXF is this kind of component which implements the CXF transport API with Camel core library.
CXF architecture in one minute
CXF is a service framework which supports lots of transports and bindings and you can easily develop and publish the service as you want. Here are two layers in the CXF runtime, one is generic messaging layer comprised of Messages, Interceptors, and InterceptorChains, the other is transport layer which hides transport specific details from the messaging layer. This two layer are build up with the service model which holds the WS* meta data. The transport layer with feed the incoming message to the message layer and consume the outgoing message from the message layer.
You can find the more information for the CXF architecture document http://cwiki.apache.org/CXF20DOC/cxf-architecture.html.
Integrate Camel's into CXF transport layer
You can initiate a camel context for the camel transport and do the routing and mediation work as you want in the CXF transport layer than pass the message to CXF Messaging layer for the WS* message handling.