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  • DFS as primary storage exhibits more than 95% TPS decrease: Utilizing DFS as the primary storage solution significantly hinders performance. Compared to the baseline (Synchronous API + Local Disk using RocksDB), disaggregated state storage without optimization exhibitsa performance degradation exceeding 95% in terms of TPS.

  • Asynchronous Execution Model exhibits 2.5x TPS improvements: The introduction of asynchronous state APIs offers substantial performance improvements.In an extreme case with all data cached locally (line 4), this model achieves a 2.5x increase in TPS compared to the baseline.

  • HDFS with Asynchronous Execution achieves 40% of the baseline performance: As an initial proof-of-concept (PoC) result (line 3),asynchronous execution with HDFS without caching achieves 40% of the baseline performance. We anticipate further improvements through optimizations like I/O grouping (FLIP-426) and leveraging the local disk as a secondary cache (FLIP-429). These advancements aim to bring HDFS performance closer to that of the local disk setup.

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