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        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
            <artifactId>struts2-tiles-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>${struts2.version}</version>
        </dependency>

You may need to update DTD in your tiles.xml files to Tiles3:

<!DOCTYPE tiles-definitions PUBLIC
       "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Tiles Configuration 3.0//EN"
       "http://tiles.apache.org/dtds/tiles-config_3_0.dtd">

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A Listener in web.xml is required. It is not necessary to configure paths to tiles.xml files here as they are picked up automatically.

<listener>
  <listener-class>org.apache.struts2.tiles.StrutsTilesListener</listener-class>
</listener>

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Optionally you may remove TilesDefinitions from XML and annotate actions instead. See Tiles Plugin for more details.

Temp/Work directory of ApplicationServer/ServletContainer

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This is due how Freemarker treats a number literals.