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If you don't know already, WebWork uses XWork as its foundation, which does provide a validation framework to help you apply input validation rules to your Actions before they are executed. This section provide only enough details to help you get started but always refer to Validation Framework for more information.

Register validators

Validators must be registered with the ValidatorFactory. This may either be done programmatically, using the registerValidator(String name, Class clazz) static method of the ValidatorFactory, or by putting a file name validators.xml in the root of the classpath (/WEB-INF/classes) with a structure like this: 

<validators>
    <validator name="required" class="com.opensymphony.xwork.validator.validators.RequiredFieldValidator"/>
    <validator name="requiredstring" class="com.opensymphony.webwork.validators.JavaScriptRequiredStringValidator"/>
    <validator name="int" class="com.opensymphony.webwork.validators.JavaScriptIntRangeFieldValidator"/>
    <validator name="date" class="com.opensymphony.webwork.validators.JavaScriptDateRangeFieldValidator"/>
    <validator name="expression" class="com.opensymphony.xwork.validator.validators.ExpressionValidator"/>
    <validator name="fieldexpression" class="com.opensymphony.xwork.validator.validators.FieldExpressionValidator"/>
    <validator name="email" class="com.opensymphony.webwork.validators.JavaScriptEmailValidator"/>
    <validator name="url" class="com.opensymphony.webwork.validators.JavaScriptURLValidator"/>
    <validator name="visitor" class="com.opensymphony.webwork.validators.JavaScriptVisitorFieldValidator"/>
    <validator name="conversion" class="com.opensymphony.xwork.validator.validators.ConversionErrorFieldValidator"/>
</validators>

Turn on Validation

All that is required to enable validation for an Action is to put the ValidationInterceptor in the interceptor refs of the action (see xwork.xml) like so:

<interceptor name="validator" class="com.opensymphony.xwork.validator.ValidationInterceptor"/>

Note: The default *validationWorkflowStack" already includes this.

Validation rules can be specified:

  1. Per Action class: ActionName-validation.xml
  2. Per Action alias: ActionName-alias-validation.xml
  3. Inheritance hierarchy and interfaces implemented by Action class: WebWork searches up the inheritance tree of the action to find default validations for parent classes of the Action and interfaces implemented

Specify what and how to validate

Here is an example for SimpleAction-validation.xml:

<!DOCTYPE validators PUBLIC "-//OpenSymphony Group//XWork Validator 1.0//EN"
        "http://www.opensymphony.com/xwork/xwork-validator-1.0.dtd">
<validators>
    <field name="bar">
        <field-validator type="required">
            <message>You must enter a value for bar.</message>
        </field-validator>
        <field-validator type="int">
            <param name="min">6</param>
            <param name="max">10</param>
            <message>bar must be between ${min} and ${max}, current value is ${bar}.</message>
        </field-validator>
    </field>
    <field name="date">
        <field-validator type="date">
            <param name="min">12/22/2002</param>
            <param name="max">12/25/2002</param>
            <message>The date must be between 12-22-2002 and 12-25-2002.</message>
        </field-validator>
    </field>
    <field name="foo">
        <field-validator type="int">
            <param name="min">0</param>
            <param name="max">100</param>
            <message key="foo.range">Could not find foo.range!</message>
        </field-validator>
    </field>
    <validator type="expression">
        <param name="expression">foo > bar</param>
        <message>Foo must be greater than Bar. Foo = ${foo}, Bar = ${bar}.</message>
    </validator>
</validators>
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