To help keep the content up-to-date, we maintain the Struts 2 Documentation as a Confluence space, which is automatically exported to plain HTML. We serve the HTML version online and bundle it with the distribution. But don't let the wiki format fool you! There are over 600 pages of documentation in this space, easily the equivalent of a full length book!
Apache Struts 2 is an elegant, extensible framework for building enterprise-ready Java web applications. Distributions of Struts 2 are available as a free download under the Apache License.
- For more about the Apache Struts project, visit the project web site.
- For more about Struts Plugins, visit the Struts 2 Plugin Registry.
- For other community-supported Struts resources, visit the Struts 2 Wiki.
Getting Started
The documentation is grouped into four areas.
Our tutorials are designed to help you get started with the framework ASAP. We offer an all-purpose "Bootstrap" tutorial as well as specialty tutorials on portlets and database access. |
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Our in-depth technical guides focus on specific components of the framework, such as the Core framework, Struts Tags, and optional Extensions, as well as migrating from Struts 1 or WebWork 2. |
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Our FAQs and Cookbook examples provide a wide range of rapid-fire "HOWTOs" in question-and-answer format. |
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Our security bulletins explain any security issues and their solutions |
Other Resources
Several Struts 2 books, articles, and presentations are available elsewhere.
Books
- Practical Apache Struts 2 Web 2.0 Projects (Ian Roughley), print-only, available now!
- Starting with Struts 2 (Ian Roughley), Free PDF and print.
- WebWork in Action book (Patrick Lightbody, Jason Carreira), print only.
- Most of WW2 in Action applies to Struts 2. The Struts 2 package names changed, and we've added some features, but the fundamentals remain the same. From a technical perspective, Struts 2 is WebWork 3.
- Struts 2 in Action (Don Brown, Chad Michael Davis, Scott Stanlick) Some early access chapters available now in PDF, print to follow.
- Struts 2 Design and Programming (Bud Kurniawan), print-only, pre-order only
- Struts 2: The Complete Reference (James Holmes), print-only, pre-order only
Articles
Articles are organized into the categories Adoption and Migration, Ajax, CRUD and Data Access, General, Getting Started.
Adoption and Migration
- Adopting Struts 2.0 (S. Sangeetha and S. V. Subrahmanya)
- Comparing Struts 1 and Struts 2 (Michael Klaene)
- Migrating Struts Apps to Struts 2 (Ian Roughly)
- Migrating to Apache Struts 2: A tutorial for Struts 1 Developers. (Ted Husted)
Ajax
- Ajax CRUD with Struts 2 and Tibco GI (Brian Walsh)
- Ajax programming with Struts 2 (Oleg Mikheev)
- Ajax support in struts 2.0 (Jesintha Priyadarshini L)
- Easy AJAX with Struts 2 (firstpartners.net)
- Struts 2 + Spring 2 + JPA + AJAX (Musachy Barroso)
- (Struts 1) AjaxChat: Chatting, the AJAX Way! (Frank Zammetti)
CRUD and Data Access
- Ajax CRUD with Struts 2 and Tibco GI (Brian Walsh)
- CRUD with WebWork, Spring, and JSTL (Larry Meador)
- Easy CRUD with Struts 2 (QuickTime video with Matt Raible - 8 minute)
- Struts 2 + Spring 2 + JPA + AJAX (Musachy Barrosso)
- Struts 2 CRUD Example (Philip Luppens)
General
- AppFuse and Struts 2 (Matt Raible)
- Extending an Application with Custom Plugins (Musachy Barrosso)
- Integrating Struts 2 + JSF + Facelets (Matt Raible)
- Leveraging Struts2 Type Conversion (David DeWolf)
- Mark's Struts 2 Cookbook (Mark Menard)
- Product Internationalization (Todd McCullough, Jive Software)
- Struts 2 Tags (Rose India)
- Struts 2 wired by Spring (Daniel Ambrósio)
- Struts 2.0 in Action
- Struts 2.0 Validations using Annotations (Krishna Srinivasan)
- Struts URLs for perfectionists (Peter Hilton)
- Unit Testing Struts 2 Actions wired with Spring using JUnit (arsenalist)
- Validation using Annotations (arsenalist)
- Working with cookies in Struts 2 (Omkar Patil)
Getting Started
- Getting Started with Struts2 (Wesley Wannemacher)
- Struts 2 from Square One Draft manuscript covering part one of a four-day training course (Ted Husted)
- Struts 2 Tutorial Struts 2 with Spring and Hibernate using Eclipse (ArcTech Software)($)
- Struts 2 Tutorial (Rose India)
Presentations
- Animated Tutorial for Struts2 (Mohammad SeyedAlavi)
- PowerPoint version ZIP download (may not render correctly under OpenOffice)
- PDF version ZIP download (without animation)
- Coding Ajax Applications with Struts (Ted Husted)
- Migrating From Struts 1 to Struts 2 presentation (Matt Raible)
- Retrofitting Struts for Ajax Taglibs (Ted Husted)
- WebWork 2 presentation (Jason Carreira)
Community Wiki
- Struts 2 Wiki - The Struts 2 Wiki is a community-supported resource. To contribute to the wiki space, simply create an Confluence account. The wiki space is not bundled with the Struts 2 distribution, but it is still an exciting and valuable community resource!
Quick Links
Errata?
To suggest a change or a correction to any part of the documentation, log in and leave a comment on the appropriate page. We are always looking for help with the documentation!